It has three pKas (2.2, 7.2 and 12.4), and can exist as (PO 4 -), (PO 4 2-) and (PO 4 3-), though at body fluid pH it is usually a mixture of (PO 4 -) and (PO 4 2-). The phosphate anion (PO 4 -) is basically phosphoric acid (H 3PO 4). Lederer (2014) or Penido & Alon (2012) are also excellent.
#Diagram body fluid compartments full
One could do no better than Takeda et al (2004), which at the moment appears to be available as a free full text PDF. The exam candidate with near-infinite time resource may continue into the peer-reviewed publications on the topic of phosphate regulation and metabolism. Acid-base regulation (urinary and intracellular buffering).Trapping glucose in cells (as glucose-6-phosphate).Co-factor in oxygen transport (as 2,3-DPG).Regulatory role: Secondary messenger (IP3) also protein activity is turned on and off by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.Structural role: Bone mineral, phospholipid of cell membrane, DNA and RNA.Renal elimination increased by acidosis, PTH, corticosteroids, hypokalemia.Renal reabsorption increased by calcitriol and thyroxine.Intestinal and bone recovery increased by calcitriol and PTH.
Most of is reabsorbed in the proximal (70%) and distal (10-20%) tubules.Total daily phosphate loss: 30mmol excreted renally, 15mmol via stool.
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